Revisiting Hell’s Angels in the Quran
نویسنده
چکیده
Ādam pictured the zabāniya as duplicates of the angel of death who, according to the Quran (4:97, 32:11), seizes the souls of sinners when they die and interrogates them about their wrongdoings. This is also how later tradition pictured them: as black creatures who appear at the moment of death to pull people’s souls out of their bodies and drag them into hell, where they torture them.2 However, the identity of the zabāniya, who are mentioned only once in the Quran (96:18), came to be established only gradually over the course of the early centuries of Islam. While Ibn ʿAbbās (d. 68/687–8) is said to have held the view that the zabāniya are the punishers in hell,3 his contemporary ʿAbdallāh b. Abī l-Hudhayl thought that the zabāniya had their feet on the
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